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[2014-10-01] Origin of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and the Surrounding Osseous Landmarks of  the Femur 
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:Date: 

   2014-10-01

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**Clin Anat. 2014 Oct;27(7):1103-10.** doi: 10.1002/ca.22440. Epub 2014
Jul 25.

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by Max Konstantin **ZAULECK** (1), Sebastian **GABRIEL** (2), Martin
Franz **FISCHMEISTER** (3) and Lena **HIRTLER** (4)

1. Clinic for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, *Katharinenhospital*,
   Stuttgart, Germany
2. *Universitätsklinikum Krems*, Krems a/d Donau, Austria
3. *Private Practice*, Linz, Austria
4. Department for Systematic Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell
   Biology, *Medical University of Vienna*, Vienna, Austria

   

The aims of this study were to evaluate the discernibility of the LIR
(lateral intercondylar ridge) and the LBR (lateral bifurcate ridge) and
show their reliability in femoral tunnel placement in ACL (anterior
cruciate ligament) reconstruction. Additionally, their position to the
femoral axis, their course, and the ACL footprint were analyzed. For
this study, 235 human femora were evaluated. Of these, 166 specimens
originated from the Museum of Natural History (group A), and 69 were
obtained from fixed cadavers at the Anatomic Institute (group B). The
femoral footprint and the osseous landmarks were identified
macroscopically and labeled in the photographs. A coordinate system was
outlined, and the dimensions, position, and orientation of the femoral
footprint of the ACL were measured. The LBR was found in 24.7% of the
specimens in group A and in only 13.2% of the specimens in group B. The
LIR was found in 97.9% and 85.3% of the specimens in groups A and B,
respectively. The area of the ACL footprint was 127.21 ± 32.54 mm^2 in
group A and 119.58 ± 34.84 mm^2 in group B. The shapes and angles of the
osseous landmarks near the line of Blumensaat were highly variable. The
LBR is an unreliable intraoperative landmark for arthroscopic ACL
reconstruction due to its low incidence. Other anatomical structures,
such as the LIR or the osteochondral border, may be more helpful and
reliable landmarks to guide proper tunnel placement.

© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


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KEYWORDS:

anterior cruciate ligament; footprint; lateral bifurcate ridge; lateral
intercondylar ridge

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-  Read more:
   http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca.22440/abstract

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